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Item Age Matters: The Contingency of Economic Distance and Economic Freedom in Emerging Market Firm’s Cross-Border M&A Performance(Springer Nature, 2019) Liou, Ru-Shiun; Rao-Nicholson, RekhaThe primary studies on emerging market multinational firms (EMFs) thus far have depicted a picture of accelerated internationalization in which EMFs conduct a series of aggressive cross-border acquisitions to further enhance their competitive advantage. However, it is not clear whether the EMFs which conducted the acquisitions at a young age experience better performance. EMFs constrained by their home market development in economic institutions may encounter different challenges in their cross-border acquisitions. Using a sample of South African firms’ acquisitions between 1994 and 2012, we find support for the benefit of foreign acquisitions at a young age as well as the moderation effects of economic distance and economic freedom. While early inorganic growth provides an excellent opportunity to propel South African firms’ growth, the country level factors present important boundary conditions to examine the benefit of early internationalization. While facing a significant economic distance, older firms are better at utilizing their experience and experience better post-acquisition operating performance. By contrast, the younger firms benefit more from the post-acquisition when the home country has weaker economic freedom.Item AGGREGATION OF SiC-X GRAINS IN SUPERNOVA EJECTA(The American Astronomical Society, 2009-10-20) Deneault, Ethan A.-N.We present a model for the formation of silicon carbide aggregates within the expanding and cooling supernova remnant. SiC type-X (SiC-X) grains measured in the laboratory at a high spatial resolution have been found to be aggregates of smaller crystals which are isotopically homogenous. The initial condensation of SiC in the ejecta occurs within an interior dense shell of material which is created by a reverse shock which rebounds from the core–envelope interface. A subsequent reverse shock accelerates the grains forward, but the gas drag from the ejecta on the rapidly moving particles limits their travel distance. By observing the effects of gas drag on the travel distance of grains, we propose that supernova grain aggregates form from material that condensed in a highly localized region, which satisfies the observational evidence of isotopic homogeneity in SiC-X grains.Item BRCA1 185delAG Mutation Enhances Interleukin-1𝛽 Expression in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015-08-19) Woolery, Kamisha T.Familial history remains the strongest risk factor for developing ovarian cancer (OC) and is associated with germline BRCA1 mutations, such as the 185delAG founder mutation. We sought to determine whether normal human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells expressing the BRCA1 185delAG mutant, BRAT, could promote an inflammatory phenotype by investigating its impact on expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-1𝛽 (IL-1𝛽). Cultured OSE cells with and without BRAT were analyzed for differential target gene expression by real-time PCR, western blot, ELISA, luciferase reporter, and siRNA assays.We found that BRAT cells expressed increased cellular and secreted levels of active IL-1𝛽. BRAT-expressing OSE cells exhibited 3-fold enhanced IL- 1𝛽 mRNA expression, transcriptionally regulated, in part, through CREB sites within the (−1800) to (−900) region of its promoter. In addition to transcriptional regulation, BRAT-mediated IL-1𝛽 expression appears dualistic through enhanced inflammasomemediated caspase-1 cleavage and activation of IL-1𝛽. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the molecularmechanism(s) of BRAT-mediated IL-1𝛽 expression since increased IL-1𝛽 expression may represent an early step contributing to OC.Item BRCA1 185delAG Mutation Enhances Interleukin-1𝛽 Expression in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells(BioMed Research International, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015-06-17) Woolery, Kamisha T.; Mohamed, Mai; Linger, Rebecca J.; Dobrinski, Kimberly P.; Roman, Jesse; Kruk, Patricia A.Familial history remains the strongest risk factor for developing ovarian cancer (OC) and is associated with germline BRCA1 mutations, such as the 185delAG founder mutation. We sought to determine whether normal human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells expressing the BRCA1 185delAG mutant, BRAT, could promote an inflammatory phenotype by investigating its impact on expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-1𝛽 (IL-1𝛽). Cultured OSE cells with and without BRAT were analyzed for differential target gene expression by real-time PCR, western blot, ELISA, luciferase reporter, and siRNA assays.We found that BRAT cells expressed increased cellular and secreted levels of active IL-1𝛽. BRAT-expressing OSE cells exhibited 3-fold enhanced IL- 1𝛽 mRNA expression, transcriptionally regulated, in part, through CREB sites within the (−1800) to (−900) region of its promoter. In addition to transcriptional regulation, BRAT-mediated IL-1𝛽 expression appears dualistic through enhanced inflammasomemediated caspase-1 cleavage and activation of IL-1𝛽. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the molecularmechanism(s) of BRAT-mediated IL-1𝛽 expression since increased IL-1𝛽 expression may represent an early step contributing to OC.Item Combining Astrometry and Elemental Abundances: The Case of the Candidate Pre-Gaia Halo Moving Groups G03-37, G18-39, and G21-22*(The Astronomical Journal, 2021-08-18) Schuler, Simon C.; Andrews, Jeff J.; Clanzy II, Vincent R.; Mourabit, Mohammed; Chanamé, Julio; Agüeros, Marcel A.While most moving groups are young and nearby, a small number have been identified in the Galactic halo. Understanding the origin and evolution of these groups is an important piece of reconstructing the formation history of the halo. Here we report on our analysis of three putative halo moving groups: G03-37, G18-39, and G21-22. Based on Gaia EDR3 data, the stars associated with each group show some scatter in velocity (e.g., Toomre diagram) and integrals of motion (energy, angular momentum) spaces, counter to expectations of moving-group stars. We choose the best candidate of the three groups, G21-22, for follow-up chemical analysis based on high-resolution spectroscopy of six presumptive members. Using a new Python code that uses a Bayesian method to self-consistently propagate uncertainties from stellar atmosphere solutions in calculating individual abundances and spectral synthesis, we derive the abundances of α- (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Cr, Sc, Mn, Fe, Ni), odd-Z (Na, Al, V), and neutron-capture (Ba, Eu) elements for each star. We find that the G21-22 stars are not chemically homogeneous. Based on the kinematic analysis for all three groups and the chemical analysis for G21-22, we conclude the three are not genuine moving groups. The case for G21-22 demonstrates the benefit of combining kinematic and chemical information in identifying conatal populations when either alone may be insufficient. Comparing the integrals of motion and velocities of the six G21-22 stars with those of known structures in the halo, we tentatively associate them with the Gaia-Enceladus accretion event.Item Condensation of Silicon Carbide in Supernova Ejecta(The American Astronomical Society, 2017-07-01) Deneault, EthanWe present a kinetic model of the formation of silicon carbide (SiC) in the expanding and cooling outflows of Type II supernova ejecta. We assume an ejecta cloud composed of a mixture of Si, C, and O in the gas phase, with the initial temperature, density, and composition as tunable parameters. The condensation of diatomic SiC into (SiC)2 molecules provides the abundance of nucleation sites for the eventual condensation of larger SiC solids and dust grains. We find that the abundance of these nucleation sites, formed after the first 1700 days after the explosion, is strongly governed by the C/Si ratio, the density of the gas, and the rate of cooling in the ejecta.Item Cross-Species Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Identifies Novel Oncogenic Events in Zebrafish and Human Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma(PLoS Genetics, Public Library of Science, 2013-08-29) Chen, Eleanor Y.; Dobrinski, Kimberly P.; Brown, Kim H.; Clagg, Ryan; Edelman, Elena; Ignatius, Myron S.; Chen, Jin Yun Helen; Brockmann, Jillian; Nielsen, G. Petur; Ramaswamy, Sridhar; Keller, Charles; Lee, Charles; Langenau, David M.Human cancer genomes are highly complex, making it challenging to identify specific drivers of cancer growth, progression, and tumor maintenance. To bypass this obstacle, we have applied array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to zebrafish embryonal rhabdomyosaroma (ERMS) and utilized cross-species comparison to rapidly identify genomic copy number aberrations and novel candidate oncogenes in human disease. Zebrafish ERMS contain small, focal regions of low-copy amplification. These same regions were commonly amplified in human disease. For example, 16 of 19 chromosomal gains identified in zebrafish ERMS also exhibited focal, low-copy gains in human disease. Genes found in amplified genomic regions were assessed for functional roles in promoting continued tumor growth in human and zebrafish ERMS – identifying critical genes associated with tumor maintenance. Knockdown studies identified important roles for Cyclin D2 (CCND2), Homeobox Protein C6 (HOXC6) and PlexinA1 (PLXNA1) in human ERMS cell proliferation. PLXNA1 knockdown also enhanced differentiation, reduced migration, and altered anchorage-independent growth. By contrast, chemical inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling reduced angiogenesis and tumor size in ERMS-bearing zebrafish. Importantly, VEGFA expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with ERMS, implicating inhibitors of the VEGF pathway as a promising therapy for improving patient survival. Our results demonstrate the utility of array CGH and cross-species comparisons to identify candidate oncogenes essential for the pathogenesis of human cancer.Item Directed forgetting instructions decrease proactive interference within working memory below that of a baseline encode-only condition(The Department of Psychology, The University of Tampa, 2020-09-21) Festini, Dr. Sara B.Item Empire and Catastrophe(University of Nebraska Press, 2020) Segalla, Dr. Spencer"Empire and Catastrophe examines natural and anthropogenic disasters during the years of decolonization in Algeria, Morocco, and France, and explores the ways in which environmental catastrophes both shaped and were shaped by struggles over the dissolution of France’s empire in North Africa. Four disasters make up the core of the book: the 1954 earthquake in Algeria’s Chélif Valley, just weeks before the onset of the Algerian Revolution; a mass poisoning in Morocco in 1959 caused by toxic substances from an American military base; the 1959 Malpasset dam collapse in Fréjus, France, which devastated the Algerian immigrant community in the town but which was blamed on Algerian sabotage; and the 1960 earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, which set off a public relations war between the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, and which ignited a Moroccan national debate over modernity, identity, architecture, and urban planning. Empire and Catastrophe is the first book-length study of environmental disasters during the decolonization of the French empire. Interrogating distinctions between agent and environment and between political and environmental violence, through the lenses of state archives and through the remembered experiences and literary representations of disaster survivors, this book argues for the integration of environmental events into narratives of political and cultural decolonization. Empire and Catastrophe will be sought after by environmental historians and North Africa area studies specialists as well as historians of France and French imperialism. Written in engaging prose, the book will appeal to the broader public’s interest in natural disasters, and will become required reading for undergraduates in courses on natural disasters in world history."Item The Genome of Deep-Sea Vent Chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2(PLoS Biology, Public Library of Science, 2006-12) Scott, Kathleen M.; Sievert, Stefan M.; Abri, Fereniki N.; Ball, Lois A.; Barrett, Chantell J.; Blake, Rodrigo A.; Amanda J., Boller; Chain, Patrick S. G.; Clark, Justin A.; Davis, Carisa R.; Detter, Chris; Do, Kimberly F.; Dobrinski, Kimberly P.; Faza, Brandon I.; Fitzpatrick, Kelly A.; Freyermuth, Sharyn K.; Harmer, Tara L.; Hauser, Loren J.; Hugler, Michael; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Klotz, Martin G.; Kong, William W.; Land, Miriam; Lapidus, Alla; Larimer, Frank W.; Longo, Dana L.; Lucas, Susan; Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Massey, Steven E.; Martin, Darlene D.; McCuddin, Zoe; Meyer, Folker; Moore, Jessica L.; Ocampo, Luis H. Jr.; Paul, John H.; Paulsen, Ian T.; Reep, Douglas K.; Ren, Qinghu; Ross, Rachel L.; Sato, Priscila Y.; Thomas, Phaedra; Tinkham, Lance E.; Zeruth, Gary T.Presented here is the complete genome sequence of Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, representative of ubiquitous chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 base pairs), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein genes, including four that may assist in positioning it in the redoxcline. A relative abundance of coding sequences (CDSs) encoding regulatory proteins likely control the expression of genes encoding carboxysomes, multiple dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. Thiom. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. The genome has characteristics consistent with an obligately chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, including few transporters predicted to have organic allocrits, and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle CDSs scattered throughout the genome.Item Genomic Amplification of an Endogenous Retrovirus in Zebrafish T-Cell Malignancies(Advances in Hematology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012-04-17) Frazer, J. Kimble; Batchelor, Lance A.; Bradley, Diana F.; Brown, Kim H.; Dobrinski, Kimberly P.; Lee, Charles; Trede, Nikolaus S.Genomic instability plays a crucial role in oncogenesis. Somatically acquired mutations can disable some genes and inappropriately activate others. In addition, chromosomal rearrangements can amplify, delete, or even fuse genes, altering their functions and contributing to malignant phenotypes. Using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), a technique to detect numeric variations between different DNA samples, we examined genomes from zebrafish (Danio rerio) T-cell leukemias of three cancerprone lines. In all malignancies tested, we identified recurring amplifications of a zebrafish endogenous retrovirus. This retrovirus, ZFERV, was first identified due to high expression of proviral transcripts in thymic tissue from larval and adult fish.We confirmed ZFERV amplifications by quantitative PCR analyses of DNA from wild-type fish tissue and normal and malignant D. rerio T cells. We also quantified ZFERV RNA expression and found that normal and neoplastic T cells both produce retrovirally encoded transcripts, but most cancers show dramatically increased transcription. In aggregate, these data imply that ZFERV amplification and transcription may be related to T-cell leukemogenesis. Based on these data and ZFERV’s phylogenetic relation to viruses of the murine-leukemia-related virus class of gammaretroviridae, we posit that ZFERV may be oncogenic via an insertional mutagenesis mechanism.Item How Do Small Firms Compete? A Demand-Based Perspective(North American Business Press, 2018) Xie, ChuanyinSmall firms are disadvantaged when competing with large firms. Conventional wisdom suggests small firms should target niche markets neglected by large firms, but most large firms have used a niche strategy for some of their products, suggesting small niches are not safe anymore. This study attempts to address a key challenge small firms face: how to survive competition with few advantages. My main argument is that small firms should shift attention from the supplier-side competition to value creation in the demand environment. If consumer value is created, competition is likely rendered irrelevant.Item Motivation in Learning, Training, and Development: A Collection of Essays(Pressbooks, 2020) Romero-Hall, Ed., Dr. EnildaMotivation in Learning, Training, and Development: A Collection of Essays is a book written by instructional design graduate students for other instructional design graduate students and professionals. This is an openly licensed collection of essays that will be updated periodically as other graduate students submit essays for inclusion in the book. If you or your instructional design graduate students would like to contribute an essay to the book or would like to help improve Motivation in Learning, Training, and Development: A Collection of Essays, contact Dr. Enilda Romero-Hall at eromerohall@ut.edu.Item Multinational enterprises and Sustainable Development Goals: A foreign subsidiary perspective on tackling wicked problems(Springer Nature, 2021) Liou, Ru-Shiun; Rao-Nicholson, RekhaTo address the unique challenge facing multinational enterprises (MNEs) in managing their foreign subsidiaries’ implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we propose a framework based on the foreign subsidiary identity transitions driven by the competing demands of parent and local stakeholders. Our work provides policymakers with a framework to better understand the links between the changes in the institutional level and the MNE’s strategy to attain SDG goals. The separate local identity driven by local stakeholder demands is conducive to the localized implementation of SDGs in the host country, while the subsidiary’s identification with its parent MNEs plays a critical role in achieving SDGs that impact the operations of the company and their business networks like suppliers and customers. By linking subsidiary identity with SDGs, we identify mechanisms that can be adopted by the parent firms and subsidiaries to engage with SDGs in the host country as well as how parent firms can transfer better practices to their subsidiaries. As such, policymakers can identify SDG gaps in the local environment, and as MNEs establish processes engaging with local SDGs, policymakers can encourage MNEs in the policy uptake. Similarly, policymakers can support MNEs align their local context strategies with SDG gaps.Item No One Expects a Transgender Jew: Religious, Sexual and Gendered Intersections in the Evaluation of Religious and Nonreligious Others(Ubiquity Press, 2017) Cragun, Ryan T.; Sumerau, J.E.While a large body of research has established that there is substantial prejudice against atheists and nonreligious individuals, both in the US and in other countries where nonreligious people are minorities, to date very little research has looked beyond attitudes toward solitary identities (e.g., “atheists” vs. “gay atheists”). Given the growing recognition of the importance of intersectionality in understanding the experiences of minorities, in this article we examined attitudes toward intersected identities, combining five (non)religious identities (i.e., Christian, Jewish, Muslim, atheist, and nonreligious) with four sexual/gender identities (i.e., heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender) using a 100-point thermometer scale (N = 618). We found that sexual/gender identities were more influential in ordering the results than were religious identities, with heterosexual individuals being rated most positively, followed for the most part by: homosexual, bisexual, and then transgender individuals. However, within the sexual/gender identities, (non)religion ordered the results; Christians and Jewish individuals rated most highly among heterosexuals while nonreligious and atheist individuals rated most highly among transgender individuals. We suggest these results indicate that people believe minority sexual/gender identities “taint” or “pollute” religious identities, unless those religious identities are already perceived as tainted, as is the case for atheists and the nonreligious.Item Paper Bodies: Letters and Letter Writing in the Early American Novel(The University of Tulsa, 2016) Tillman, KacyThis article suggests that in early American novels, the letter served as a kind of paper body, a contested space where women writers and their readers vied for control over the female form, symbolizing the broader cultural struggle in which women were enmeshed during and shortly after the American Revolution. Using Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple, Hannah Webster Foster’s The Coquette, William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy, Tabitha Gilman Tenney’s Female Quixotism, and the letter-writing manuals that informed these novels, this article argues that epistles in early American fiction function less like scenery and more like characters with rules of propriety governing their construction, delivery, reception, and response. While letters offered a certain amount of agency to women as paper bodies that could travel long distances unaccompanied into the private rooms of men, they could also pass out of their writers’ control. Men and women could intercept, change, misinterpret, redirect, and generally manipulate epistles as they saw fit. In these novels, no matter what choice a woman makes—write or avoid writing, read or avoid reading—her agency is as easily destroyed as the paper on which her words are written.Item The Portable Recording Studio: Documentary Filmmaking and Live Album Recording, 1967-1969(International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM), 2016) Palmer, LandonWhile live performance and rock authenticity are topics widely investigated across popular music studies, cultural studies, and performance studies, the particular media practices that constitute “liveness” in rock music have been treated without rigorous historical specificity. Utilizing the concept of “fidelity” as it has developed within sound media scholarship as a means for historicizing the technological and cultural practices of sound recording, this article examines the construction of liveness through media objects produced via intersecting practices of documentary filmmaking and live album recording. By exploring the operations of filmmaking and sound recording in four live albums produced from North American rock music festivals between 1967 and 1969, this article not only highlights an overlooked history of the relationship between cinema and popular music recording, but also demonstrates how liveness as an experiential category is constituted through media practices not always exclusive to the conventional parameters of popular music industries.Item Stakeholder salience: corporate responses during a public health crisis(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Liou, Ru-Shiun; Rao-Nicholson, Rekha; Shang, YanyanPrior crisis management research mainly studied the context of accidental and preventable crises which are generally within the organization’s control, while the COVID-19 pandemic presents a public health crisis in which corporations do not have control over the extent of the impacts. Built upon the stakeholder salience framework, we propose and test the hypotheses that are derived from societal stakeholders’ power, legitimacy, and urgent claims during the pandemic and reveal several corporate responses that address multiple stakeholders’ interests, including customers, shareholders, community, suppliers, and employees. Specifically, corporations with a larger number of employees and social media followers tend to adopt more corporate responses that address various stakeholders’ concerns. Further, in highly impacted industries, there is an increased influence of social media followers on customer-related corporate responses as well as a decreased influence of employees on employee-related corporate responses.Item What to Say and How to Say It? Corporate Strategic Communication through Social Media during the Pandemic(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022) Liou, Ru-Shiun; Shang, Yanyan; Rao-Nicholson, RekhaStudying the COVID-19 pandemic differs from past studies on emergency management because this crisis event, compared with the terrorist attack or natural disasters, unfolds in a longer period and with a wider spread of geographic regions. This study explores what and how the information was communicated in the corporate strategic communication through social media across three phases of the global public health crisis, including the early phase, shelter-in-place phase, and reopening phase. The content analysis on corporate Twitter accounts of selected publicly listed firms in the US suggests that corporate social media communication is functional, information-based, direct, and of lower richness during the earlier phase of the pandemic. As the pandemic evolves, corporate tweets, though still functional, are altered to improve customer engagement via the addition of videos and embedded links. For low media richness data formats, the replies/retweet ratio is less than 20%, while high media richness data formats produce the replies/retweet ratio of more than 50%. Implications for future research and practices are offered.Item What’s in a name? Cross-national distances and subsidiary’s corporate visual identity change in emerging-market firms’ cross-border acquisitions(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018) Liou, Ru-Shiun; Rao-Nicholson, Rekha; Sarpong, DavidPurpose – Addressing the unique challenge facing emerging-market firms (EMFs) of branding and marketing in their foreign subsidiaries, this study evaluates the foreign subsidiary corporate visual identity (CVI) transitions during the post-acquisition period. Design/Methodology/approach – Data on 330 cross-border acquisitions from five emerging-markets, namely, Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa (BRICS) are used. The cross-sectional multivariate analyses are used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Utilizing a sample of worldwide acquisitions conducted by EMFs originated from BRICS, this study establishes that various cross-national distances do not consistently cause the targets to take on the parent’s CVI. While economic distance and formal institutional distance increases the likelihood of an acquired subsidiary’s CVI change, cultural distance decreases the likelihood of CVI change. Practical implications – Lacking international experience and shaped by national differences between the host and home markets, EMFs often grant foreign subsidiaries substantial autonomy to respond to diverse stakeholder demands in subsidiary branding. Contrary to extant literature, the findings show that some distances are more pertinent to CVI transformation in the subsidiaries than others in the context of the EMFs. Originality/value – This research shows that the formal institutional distance and economic distance, will increase the likelihood of CVI changes in the subsidiaries, whereas, the cultural distance requiring soft skills like the cultural adaptability from the EMFs will decrease the CVI change possibility. The findings presented in the paper have significant implications for future research and strategic application.