Dannielle, Roque2022-09-122022-09-122022-08http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11868/3402After a relational transgression, the offender may apologize to maintain the relationship and attain forgiveness from the transgression-receiver. This study investigated how apology elements and communication mediums may impact the extent to which a transgression may be forgiven. Using a 2X2 experiment examining effective apology elements (apology elements present vs. apology elements absent) and communication mediums (face-to-face vs. texting), this study examined the extent to which the offender would receive forgiveness after a hypothetical transgression committed by a friend. Nine hundred and forty-four (N = 944) participants responded to an online survey that randomized the type of apology that they would receive from a friend after the transgression. Results indicated that a face-to-face apology with the effective apology elements encouraged higher levels of forgiveness in comparison to a text apology without the effective apology elements. A face-toface apology with the effective apology elements did not significantly differ in forgiveness from a text apology with the effective apology elements, suggesting that apology quality is more important than the medium in which the apology is communicated.en-USApologiesCommunication MediumsForgivenessApologyTextsFace-to-FaceReconcilationForgiveFriendshipsCapstone Project